View Categories

Appendices

Appendix A: GPU Average Power Draw 

Manufacturer Name Watts (Idle) Watts (100%) Midpoint 
NVIDIA Tesla M60 35 306.00 170.5 
NVIDIA T4 71.00 39.5 
NVIDIA Tesla K80 35 306.00 170.5 
NVIDIA Tesla V100 35 306.00 170.5 
NVIDIA Tesla A100 46 407.00 226.5 
NVIDIA K520 26 229 127.5 
NVIDIA A10G 18 153.00 85.5 
NVIDIA Tesla P4 76.50 42.75 
NVIDIA Tesla P100 36 306.00 171 
NVIDIA Tesla P40 30 255.00 142.5 
AMD Radeon Pro V520 26 229.00 127.5 
Xilinx Alveo U250 27 229.50 128.25 
    133.54 

Appendix B: SSD and HDD Datasheets 

SATA SSD Average Power Draws 

SATA SSD Model Average W/GB 
Kingston DC500 0.001210938 
Synology Sat5210 SATA 0.000364286 
Synology Sat5210 0.000579427 
Synology Sat5210 0.001132813 
Synology Sat5210 0.002161458 
Synology Sat5210 0.0040625 
Intel SSD D3 0.00030599 
Samsung PM893 0.000345052 
  

NVMe SSD Average Power Draws 

NVMe SSD Model Average W/GB 
Samsung PM9A3 0.001595052 
PM 983  0.004825 
SQF-C8M ER-1 0.001585938 
SQF-CU2 ER-1 0.000849219 
Samsung MZWL Gen4 PCIE 0.000891875 

HDD Average Power Draws 

HDD Model Average W/GB 
WD1005FBYZ 7.00 
MG04ACAIOON 11.30 
ST (512n SATA) 2.54 
ST (512n SAS) 2.72 
WD2005FBYZ 3.50 
Exos 7E10 (512n SATA) 3.64 
Exos 7E10 (512e/4KN SATA) 3.64 
Exos 7E10 (4Kn SATA) 3.64 
Exos 7E10 (512n SAS) 4.05 
Exos 7E10 (512e/4KN SAS) 4.05 
Exos 7E10 (4Kn SAS) 4.05 
MG04ACA200N 5.65 
M G 04ACA20 5.65 
MG04ACA200E 5.65 
WD4004FRYZ 1.51 
ST (512n SATA) 1.55 
ST (512n SAS) 1.78 
Exos 7E10 (512e/4KN SATA) 1.82 
Exos 7E10 (4Kn SATA) 1.82 
Exos 7E10 (512e/4KN SAS) 2.03 
Exos 7E10 (4Kn SAS) 2.03 
Exos 7E10 (512n SATA) 2.05 
Exos 7E10 (512n SAS) 2.17 
MG08ADA400E 2.03 
MG08ADA400N 2.03 
MG08ADA400A 2.03 
WD6004FRYZ 1.03 
ST (512n SATA) 1.30 
ST (512n SAS) 1.46 
Exos 7E10 (4Kn SATA) 1.36 
Exos 7E10 (512e/4KN SAS) 1.45 
Exos 7E10 (4Kn SAS) 1.45 
Exos 7E10 (512n SATA) 1.51 
Exos 7E10 (512e/4KN SATA) 1.51 
Exos 7E10 (512n SAS) 1.55 
MG08ADA600A 1.45 
MG08ADA600E 1.45 
WD8005FRYZ 0.89 
ST (512n SATA) 1.16 
Exos 7E10 (512e/4KN SATA) 1.13 
Exos 7E10 (4Kn SATA) 1.13 
Exos 7E10 (512e/4KN SAS) 1.16 
Exos 7E10 (4Kn SAS) 1.16 
ST (512n SAS) 1.28 
MG08ADA800A 1.19 
MG08ADA800E 1.19 
WD102KRYZ 0.86 
Exos 7E10 (512e/4KN SATA) 0.98 
Exos 7E10 (4Kn SATA) 0.98 
Exos 7E10 (512e/4KN SAS) 1.02 
Exos 7E10 (4Kn SAS) 1.02 
MG06ACAIOTA 1.06 
MG06ACAIOTE 1.06 
WD121KRYZ 0.50 
MG09ACA12TA 0.66 
MG09ACA12TE 0.66 
WD142KRYZ 0.43 
MG09ACA14TA 0.61 
MG09ACA14TE 0.61 
WD161KRYZ 0.38 
MG09ACA16TA 0.52 
MG09ACA16TE 0.52 
WD181KRYZ 0.34 
MG09ACA18TA 0.46 
MG09ACA18TE 0.46 
WD202KRYZ 0.32 
MGIOACA20TA 0.47 
MGIOACA20TE 0.47 
WD221KRYZ 0.29 
MGIOAFA22TE 0.45 
WD241KRYZ 0.26 

Appendix C: Linear Regression Values for SSD Power Draws 

SATA SSD Linear Regression 

NVMe SSD Linear Regression 

Appendix D: Average Power Draw of HDDs per GB of Storage 

Appendix E: Energy Proportionality of Networking Equipment Studies 

Dayarathna, M., et al. (2016). Data Center Energy Consumption Modeling: A Survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials

Hinton, K., et al. (2015). Energy Consumption Modelling of Optical Networks. Photonic Network Communications. 

Ricca, R., et al. (2013). An Assessment of Power-Load Proportionality in Network Systems. Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT)

Mahadevan, P., et al. (2009). A Power Benchmarking Framework for Network Devices. In: Fratta, L., Schulzrinne, H., Takahashi, Y., Spaniol, O. (eds) NETWORKING 2009. 

Chabarek, J., et al. (2008). Power Awareness in Network Design and Routing. IEEE INFOCOM 2008 – The 27th Conference on Computer Communications. 

Appendix F: External Networking Power Consumption  

Schien, D., & Preist, C. (2014). Approaches to energy intensity of the internet. IEEE Communications Magazine. 

Malmodin, J., & Lundén, D. (2016). The energy and carbon footprint of the ICT and E&M sector in Sweden 1990-2015 and beyond. 4th International Conference on ICT for Sustainability. 

Schien, D., et al. (2014). The Energy Intensity of the Internet: Edge and Core Networks. In: Hilty, L. M. and Aebischer, B. (eds) ICT Innovations for Sustainability. 

Aslan, J. et al. (2016). Electricity Intensity of Internet Data Transmission: Untangling the Estimates. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 

Anders, S G A. (2020). New perspectives on internet electricity use in 2030. Engineering and Applied Science Letters. 

Anders, S G A. (2019). Projecting the chiaroscuro of the electricity use of communication and computing from 2018 to 2030.  

Shehabi, A. et al. (2014). The energy and greenhouse-gas implications of internet video streaming in the United States. Environmental Research Letters.